a64 ^ 

EARLY HISTORY 



OF 



TARBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 



ALSO 



COLLATED COLONLA.L PUBLIC CLAIMS OF 

EDGECOMBE COL^NTY, AND EASTER 

SUNDAY IN SAVANNAH, GA. 



BY 
OASTON LICHXiSNSTEIN. 



RICHMOND: 

WM. ELLIS JONES, BOOK AND JOH PRINTER. 
1908. 




Clciss t 



■ 1 <7 Lg^ 



PUKSKNTl-l) liY 



EARLY HISTORY 



OF 



TARBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 



ALSO 



COLLATED COLONIAL PUBLIC CLAIMS OF 
EDGECOMBE COUNTY, AND EASTER 
' SUNDAY IN SAVANNAH, GA. 



BY 



OASXON LICHXKNSXEIN. 

/; 



RICHMOND: 

WM. ELLIS JONES, HOOK AND JOB PRINTER. 
IQO8. 



Gift 
Author 

: .'r '0? 



EAELY TAEBORO HISTORY, 



A native of Edgecombe, writing almost a eenturj ago, makes 
tlie statement that tlie site of Tarboro was settled at an early 
j)eriod. ' 

Althongh the General Assembly did not, nntil the fall of 
1Y60, pass an "Act for Establishing a Town on the Land of 
Joseph Howell on Tar River," there seems to be evidence to 
prove that a village existed for considerable time prior to its 
incorporation. 

Otherwise, what is the explanation of tlie following petition 
fonnd in the colonial records for the year 1759 ? In spite of 
bad spelling and certain pecnliarities, the document imparts 
interesting information, to-wit : 

"K^ortli Carolina Edgecombe County. To His Excellency 
Arthur Dobbs, Esq Capt General Governor and Commander in 
Cheafe in and over Province afsd ; and To His Majestys Hon- 
orable Council : Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the house of 
Burgises. 

"The petition of the Inspectors and Marchants of the town 
of Tarr Burrow (how is that for an example in phonetics?) in 
the county afsd whose names are underwritten Humbly Shew- 
eth that the Salary that is by law allowed to each Inspector is 
not a SutHent Sum for thar treble and featage as they are at 
and thare Fore We Humbly Pray that the Salary may be In- 
larged so as to Put us on an Equality with the Inspectors at 
the town of Halifax and We your petitioners as in Duty Bound 
shall ever pray etc. 

Tiios. Spell, 
Aquila SugG;, 
Peter AEitchell,^ 
John Watson, 
Jas. Anderson, 
Edw. Telfair, 
Robert Bignall. . 



As tlie 'Varly period" referred to above apjilies to the pio- 
neer settlement in Edgecombe Conntv, inference is readily de- 
dncible that "palefaces" located on the site of Tarboro several 
decades before its population attained snch size as to entitle 
the commnnity to be vested with municipal powers. 

In 1733 Governor Bnrrington found it necessary to erect a 
new precinct from Bertie (not Craven as historians erroneously 
assert, in spite of the authority of the colonial records to the 
contrary, which most authentic source they have probably never 
taken the trouble to consult) by the name of Edgecombe on ac- 
count of the great increase of inhabitants in the district. 

Whatever may be the exact date of Tarboro' s birth, it con- 
tinued to grow, and, according to a manuscript in possession of 
the Virginia State Library, Tarburg (evidently Tarboro be- 
cause the context tells of its being located along Tar River), in- 
considerable in size, that is, in reference to Philadelphia, 
whence the writer journeyed in the year 1783 to Charleston, S. 
C, ini])orted and sold annually from 7,000 to 8,000 pounds 
sterling in English goods before the Revolutionary War. 

In 1772 an effort was made to give Tarboro representation 
in the Legislature, but Henry Irwin, tlie applicant, was not 
allowed to take his seat because the assembly alleged, among 
other things, that the town did not have sixty families resident 
therein. (Col. Rec, Vol. VI., Prefatory jSTotes, page xxvii.) 

Rev. Francis Asbury (1745-1816), Bishop of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, who spent forty-five years in visiting the 
cities, villages and wildernesses of Xorth America, has left a 
journal of his ministerial activities, from which several extracts 
liave been noted for the present article. 

Friday, December 0, 1790: ''We came to Tarborough. They 
had made a fire in the small apartment of the coiirthouse, and 
I tliought it was for preaching, but it was for dancing, and the 
violin lay on the table. Mr. Clement was kind enough to stop 
the scene, and we had a serious congregation to hear, to whom 
I preached on IIel)r. viii., 9-11. There were two or three houses 



open to me in town, bnt I lodged three miles out at Brother 
Toole's." 

Dancing and like expressions of worldliness may have been 
unpardonable sins to this good man, but he should be giv^en 
credit for conscientiousness and for exemplar v unselfishness. 

A digression will be made at this point to quote from the 
Journal Eev. Asbury's tribute to Washington, written in South 
Carolina on Saturday, January 4, 1800. 

''Slow moved the northern post on the eve of new years' day, 
and brought the heart distressing information of the death of 
Washington, who departed this life Dec. 14, 1799. Washing- 
ton, the calm, intrepid chief, the disinterested friend, first 
father, and temporal sa^•iour of his country under divine pro- 
tection and direction. A universal cloud sat upon the faces of 
the citizens of Charleston; the pulpits cloathed in black — the 
bells mufSed — the paraded soldiery — a public oration decreed 
to be delivered on Friday lltli of this month — a marble sta- 
tue to be placed in souie proper situation. These were the ex- 
pressions of sorrow and these the marks of respect paid by his 
feeling fellow citizens to the memory of this great man. I am 
disposed to lose sight of all, but Washington: matchless man! 
At all times he acknowledged the Providence of God, and never 
was he ashamed of His Eedeemer; we believe he died, not fear- 
ing death. In his will he ordered the maninnission of his 
slaves — a true son of liberty in all points.'' 

Returning to Edgecombe and Tarboro, the next extract is 
dated Thursday, March 12, 1801. ''A dreary ride of 30 miles 
without food for man or beast, brought us to Joseph Pippin's ; 
here we were kindly entertained: Our friend Pippin hath been 
settled in the Connecta Swamps for twenty years : he hath six 
children, and about fifty slaves, and never has had a death in 
his family: — mercy and miracle! — may they })raise tlie Lord! 

"Friday 13. At Toole's meeting-house, near Tarborough, 
brother Whatcoat addressed the congregation upon Zachariali 
ix., 12. My choice was Isaiah i., 9. I spoke with great heat 



6 

and rapidity about half an hour; my text was well chosen, if 
the comment was not well execnted. We lodged at Mr. Toole's." 
Friday, Febrnary 5, 1802. "At Tarborough we held onr 
meeting in the neat new chapel: ]^. Snethen spoke npon 'This 
day is salvation come to this house;' the ground-work of my 
discourse was 'My house shall be called a house of prayer for 
all people.' I said but few words. We dined with Mr. Guion, 
and lodged with Mr. Bellamy. We rejoiced in hope that Tar- 
borough and Halifax will yet hear and receive the Gospel; H. 
Bradford hath been preaching in the latter and brother Bel- 
lamy in the former with some success." 

The extract, now to be reproduced, should be read closely, as 
several details of purely secular value are contained therein. 

Wednesday, February 23, 1803. "On Wednesday we rode 
through a very warm, weather-breeding day, twenty-two miles 
to Tarborough, and came in about half-past two o'clock. Many 
came to the new church, and were attentive to hear, whilst 1!^. 
Snethen preached upon 2 Cor. v. 18-20. I had strength to sit 
still today. We dined at Mr. Ryley's, and were kindly invited 
to lodge at the widow Toole's, the first which was opened to me 
in Tarborough. There are in this place aboutthirtj'-tliree^^ fami- 
lies ; the people have more trade than religion — more wealth 
than grace. We have about thirty Africans in fellowship ; but 
no whites. I may notice the bridge; it is 540 feet long, and 
about thirty feet above the water." 

Sunday, February 2, 1812. "At Tarborough I preached to 
a serious, attentive congregation. I preached in the afternoon 
also at brother Hall's. Monday I breakfasted with Mr. Austin, 
an English Baptist; his wife with us; my business with him 
was to charge him most solemnly to hold a perpetual prayer- 
meeting everv^ Wednesday evening in his house. The lowlands 
about Tarborough bridge are under water." (There was a 
freshet at the time, one of many that often seriously impeded 
travelers. ) 

During February, 1815, Bishop Asbury paid his last visit 



to Tarboro. ''Wednesday, 1st. We came twenty-two miles; I 
was nearly done. Had we followed onr first plan, and gone by 
JSTorfolk, it would have probably cost me my life. It was time 
to lower onr sails and drop anchor at Edward Hairs, near Tar- 
ijorong-h : it is paradise regained for a f ew^ days. The weather 
has been excessively cold, and keenly, felt by an old man of 
seventy, deeply wonnded in the limbs, breast, and Inngs." 

Snnday, 5th. ''I spoke to a gathering of' serions people in 
Edward Hall's large dining room ; the speaker was led to 
some awfnl truths. I am occupied in reading, writing, and 
patching and propping up the old clay house as well as I may : 
God be gracious to us still !" 

Monday, Gth. ''We breakfasted with Mrs. Austin. Oh ! the 
look expressive of the workings of her soul she gave, when in 
the trying hour she said, 'j)ray for me.' Shall a Methodist 
conference assemble, a society be gathered, and a chapel be built 
in Tarborough ? Dined with Exum Lewis and wife ; this fa- 
vored pair have been renewed and cpiickened. The house of 
their father was amongst the first in former days to receive the 
JMethodists, and the children now open their house, and hearts, 
and hands to them ; may the Lord convert, and own, and 1)less 
their children's children to the latest generations ! Amen ! 
Amen I" 

Dr. Jeremiah Battle's account of Tarboro in the year ISIO 
has been selected as a fitting close to this contril)ution. 

"Tarboro, the only town in the county, is handsomeh'^ sit- 
uated on the south-w^est ( ?) bank of Tar river, just above the 
mouth of Hendriek's Creek, in lat. 35 cleg. 45 min. It is forty- 
eight miles west by north from Washington, thirty-six south of 
Halifax, eighty-three northwest of Newbern, and sixty-eight 
east of Raleigh. It w-as laid off into lots in the year 1760. 
The streets are seventy-two feet wide, and cross each other at 
right angles, leaving squares of two acres eaich. These squares 
being divided into half acre lots, makes every lot front or face 
two streets. 



"There are about fifty private lioiises in it; and generally from 
fifteen to twenty stores, a church, a jail, two warehouses, and a 
large Court House, which in the year 1785 was used for the 
sitting of the State Legislature. There are several good springs 
adjacent to the town, but for culinary purposes almost every 
person or family has a well ; and some of these wells afford good 
water the greater part of the year. This place affords good 
encouragement to all industrious persons, particularly mer- 
chants of almost every description. Sixty or seventy merchants 
have had full employment here at one time. But such of them as 
have emigrated to this place have too soon found themselves in 
prosperous situations, and have betaken themselves to idleness 
and dissipation. 

"Merchants generally do well here, and there has scarcely 
been an instance of failing in the place. There are a few well 
built private houses, some of which have lately been finished. 
The style of building is as it is in the county, generally plain 
and cheap. The jail and one of the store houses are of brick. 

"Adjacent to the town is the county seat of General Thomas 
Blount, where he has lately built a very good house, the l^est 
that is in the county. This is a beautiful eminence overlookino; 
the town. An extensive green surrounds the house, back of 
which is a tract of twenty or thirty acres of rich swamp land, 
well ditched and drained, and is in a high state of cultivation."' 



MORE COUls^TY HISTORY. 



Isolated Fkagmexts Collated a]N"d Grouped So as to 
Make Continuous History. 

In collecting nuiterial for the writing of history the seemingly 
unimportant to the casual reader often supply gaps in a nar- 
ration, the continuity of which would be broken but for the 
presence of these details secured from sources entirely separate 
and distinct. 



Vases, tablets, coins, and so forth tell us in their small way 
bv the inscriptions thereon the history of Oriental nations long 
since passed away, and when in the future the extensive exca- 
vations, now going on in Southw^estern Asia will have been 
completed, it may be that we shall have a continuous account of 
ancient Assyria and Babylon throughout their long existence 
during unexplored centuries of civilized human activity. 

Our knowledge of these nations, comparatively fragmentary 
to-day, will be added to by succeeding generations, and the 
whole will gradually become systematized. 

But this immense amount of labor will mean, in the first 
place, the collection into an individual mass all the details bear- 
ing on a particular subject, and, in the second place, the orderly 
arrangement of the same. 

Pioneers, in seeking knowledge of this kind, read all inscrip- 
tions found on the articles designated in the second paragraph, 
and, when least expecting it, a thousand and one times come 
across the name of a king or some great event they have been 
trying to discover, or attempting to verify, as the case may be. 

Enough has been said, by way of introduction, to approach 
directly a consideration of the early history of Edgecombe, 
which should be subjected to the process just mentioned in 
order to bring forth a detailed and worthy account of the lives 
and times, of our forefathers. 

As an illustration, I have selected several ' 'Reports of the 
Committee of Public Claims," and have taken the trouble to 
find all public claims therein contained relating to our county. 

On the 28th day of JSTovember, 1758, in the report presented 
at Edenton, it is stated that Abraham Jones, Sherilf of Edge- 
combe County, was allowed Twelve pounds, nine Shillings, 
Proclamation Money for Victualizing Samuel Picket and Wil- 
liam Sikes, who was Committed to the Public Goal of the said 
County for Fellony and afterwards broke Goal and made their 
escape so Appears by Account Lodged in your Committee and 
by Oaths of Hugh Hardy, Goaler, the said Fellows having no 
Estate. 



10 

( Frequent] V mistakes in spelling occur in the original, some 
of \vliicli I correct, others I reproduce, and especial care is 
taken to preserve the capitalizations.) 

Critical examination of the inscription ( ?) discloses several 
facts regarding Edgecombe conntj, that Abraham Jones was 
sheriff, that Hugh Hardy was keeper of the jail, etc., either 
during or immediately preceding the year 1758, perhaps both. 

On Monday, December 4th, 1758, William Mace, Senior, 
was allowed his claim of Fifty pounds proclamation Money 
for a Xegro man who was run away and Shot in apprehending- 
which said ISTegro was valued to fifty pounds as aforesaid by 
the Court of Edgecombe County, as by Certificate Lodged with 
your Committee doth appear. 

A little thought will bring forth many inferences from this 
second extract, viz. : that negro slaves were worked in Edge- 
combe during, and we presume, several years prior to 1758 on 
account of the nature of the evidence which permits the infer- 
ence that negroes had run away from their masters before or 
this particular instance would not have been treated as an or- 
dinary event; then, again, we learn that the Court of Edge- 
combe County existed as such in 1758, etc. 

Another extract from the same list states that "John Pope, 
Late Sheriff of Edgecombe County, Produced a Claim into your 
Committee for Guarding Imprisoning and Executing one Wil- 
liam Liles for Murder he having no Estate (as the Sheriff' pre- 
tends) thirteen pounds fifteen Shillings and eight pence .of 
which claim your Committee is of Opinion is reasonable your 
Committee refers it to the House whether this Claim be al- 
lowed or not. Disallowed it apjjearcd to the House that the 
said Liles at the time of his Conviction had Real and personal 
estate sufiicient to pay the fees due to the officers." 

Tuesday, December 12, 1758 : The executors of Joseph Lane, 
former Sheriff of Edgecombe County, was allowed Sixteen 
jiounds and his Salary for the years 1751 and 1752, he having 
fully Accounted with ^h\ Haywood, former Treasurer, and, 



11 

paid all tilt" Taxes for those years, as also forty Shillings, for 
Summoning a C'onrt for Tryal of a Negro for Fellony and 
Executing said Xegroo etc., as by account Lodged with your 
Committee." Two former sheriffs, John Pope and Joseph 
Lane, are expressly mentioned in two preceding paragraphs 
and the latter's term of office evidently included the years 1751 
and 1752. 

Mr. Haywood, whose first name I have learned from another 
source to be John, and who was the father of William Hay- 
wood, one of Edgecombe's representatives in the Colonial Gen- 
eral Assembly, held the position of County Treasurer either 
contemporaneously with the shrievalty of Mr. Joseph Lane, or 
between the years 1752 and 1758. 

In April, 17G2, William Haywood was certified, together 
with Joseph Howell, to represent his county, a fact I incident- 
ally incorporated into my article on Tarboro several weeks ago. 
The month, April, was not stated, only the year. Tuesday, De- 
cember 19th : "James Johnson was allowed forty Shillings for 
taking up a Deserter belonging to Captain Baylie's Company 
in pursuance of the Governors proclamation which Deserter 
was Committed to Edgecombe County Goal By Thomas Hall 
Esq. as by Certificate Lodged with your Committee.'' 

Readers should remember that these were stirring times, for 
from 1756 to 1763 the Seven Years' War in Europe was in 
progress, and its influence was felt on this side of the Atlantic 
under the name of the French and Indian War, which began 
before 1756, the defeat of Braddock in 1755 being readily re- 
called. 

Xorth Carolina, called upon to furnish her quota in the 
struggle against the French and their Indian allies, responded 
nobly, but, as has happened from time immemorial, a small 
percentage from one cause or another wilh desert. 

Whether Captain Baylie's company participated in any hos- 
tile encounters I have been unable to discover, but I do know 
that in 1754 Edaecombe's militarv establishment consisted of 



12 

fourteen companies (tliink of it!), according to the report of 
Colonel John Haywood, of our comity, wlio, in addition to indi- 
cating the number of companies, says : ''jS^umber of men, in- 
eluding officers, 1317, 5 captains removed, laid down or dead. 
Xo Indians in the county, no arms in store. The number of 
militia upon a new muster may be about 200 more. It is de- 
sired that more companies be added and these more equally 
divided." 

In the report from no other county do I see a number any- 
where near so large as 1317, which proves that Edgecombe in 
pre-Revolutionary days was one of the foremost counties in 
the colony, surely in matters military, according to the records. 

Friday, December 7, 1759: "Mr. John Pope, former Sheriff 
of Edgecombe county, was allowed his claim of twenty-four 
pounds proclamation Money as his salary for the years 1753, 
1751: and 1755 he having fully accounted with the Treasurer 
and paid all the Taxes for those years." 

Erom the paragraph immediately preceding taken in con- 
nection with a former extract we learn that John Pope's term 
of office began at the close of Joseph Lane's, and, therefore, have 
I proven that from purely fragmentarj^ evidence can a chrono- 
logical document be evolved, because the years 1753, 1754 and 
1755 follow in regular order 1751 and 1752, the years during 
which Joseph Lane exercised the powers of sheriff. 

To the average newspaper reader a column of historical mat- 
ter appears to be the result of little labor on the part of the 
writer who in truth sometimes has to 'Svade through" thousands 
of pages of extraneous facts. 

Between two extracts quoted in this article over five hundred 
pages intervened, and from twenty-five hundred to three thou- 
sand pages were "gone over" before I felt justified to classify 
some of my "finds" under the individual heading of "Public 
Accounts." 



13 



EASTEE SrXDAY IX SAVAXXAII. 



Having so tboroug'hly enjoyed my stay of two days in Sa- 
vannah, I cannot refrain from writing jow a letter in order 
that the people of Edgecombe may share the information T have 
lately acqnired. 

The warm rays of old Sol and the decorations of re-awakened 
nature give positive testimony that spring is at haild. Xo more 
opportune time can there be for reviewing the Forest City of 
the South, where a semi-tropical climate makes it possible to 
blend the flora and fauna of the Xorth Temperate and Torrid 
Zones. Savannah, to my mind, is one of the most beautiful 
cities I have ever seen in the United States. Other cities have 
more costly buildings and larger parks, but the general effect 
as evidenced by symmetry in building and in the ''laying-off" 
of parks and streets is hardly surpassed. Situated only fifteen 
miles from the ocean, it offers its population of 60,000 souls 
the advantages of a seaport, namely, excellent steamship facili- 
ties, in that boats, drawling from twenty-five to thirty feet of 
water, are daily seen at the city wharves ; and also seaside re- 
sorts, the most noted being Tybee Island, where a garrison of 
United States soldiers is stationed. 

Of the many parks in Savannah one particularly will make 
a lasting imjjression upon a stranger on account of its })ie- 
turesque appearance and uniqueness. The large square was 
formerly a burying-ground, but now is the scene of childish 
sports, love-making and gossip. Late in the afternoon when 
the heat of the sun begins to lessen, sounds of yontliful glee can 
be heard in and out the old headstones, around wliicli run 
cliildren entirely oblivious to the fact that beneatli tliem lie the 
mouldering bones of their ancestors, who went to life eternal 
one centnry ago. U]:)on a sui)ine old-fashioned gravestone may 
«be seen a young con])le, almost hidden irom view by a large 



14 

biisli, and at intervals along the ])aths arc Ix-nclies n])on wliieh, 
\ve may imagine, seated grandfatliers and grandmothers talk- 
ing of the time when thev were young. The four streets bound- 
ing this park are lined with a double row of palmettoes, between 
which rnns the sidewalk. These palmetto trees, uniform in 
size, present a tropical spectacular effect and make one feel, 
for the moment, that he is in ^Mexico or Central America. 

South Georgia coastal swamp land affords the traveler an op- 
j)ortunit5^ to witness the unusual sight of pine and palmetto 
growing side by side. My first observation of this phenomenon 
took place from the car window of a Seaboard Air Line train 
on my way from Savannah to Brunswick. While casting casual 
glances at the panoramic change of landscape, I was suddenly 
surprised to see a small palmetto, a succession of jiines, then 
another palmetto, and so on, the proportion approaching equal- 
ity as the Florida boundary was neared. But I am digressing. 

Easter Sunday in Savannah was an ideal day for displaying 
the latest fashions, the principal thoroughfares being crowded 
with tastily dressed pedestrians and handsome equipages of the 
elite. Refinement and culture, for which the fair Southland 
is famous, were here manifested to such a degree as would put 
even proud Boston to shame. 

Cardinal Sebastiano Martinelli, a])ostolic delegate to the 
United States, and with the exception of Cardinal James Gib- 
bons, of Baltimore, being the only one in this country to hold 
that high rank of the Roman Catholic Church, was magnetic 
influence sufficient to draw a large concourse of people to 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist at forenoon mass. His emi- 
nence held the position of celebrant at this service, and was as- 
sisted by a number of priests, who waited upon him after the 
manner of royalty. 

Although the hour of mass was set for 10 :30, long before 
that time a crowd had gathered in front of the cathedral wait- 
ing for the doors to be thrown open. Being one of them uiyself. 



15 

I had a few minutes in which to inspect the exterior of the edi- 
fice, and learned that the corner-stone was phiced in 1873. 
Access to the bnilding had, by this time, been obtained, causing 
me to rush forward in order to look for a good seat. A riblion 
across the aisle separated those favored from the others, but 
having secured a place immediately behind it, I was seated 
where nothing could escape my notice. 

Elaborate decorations in the interior of all cathedrals first 
claim a stranger's attention. The gospel story of the crucifixion 
of Christ is reproduced on the walls by a series of scenes in 
relief. Passing all the other adornments, too numerous to 
mention, my eyes rested upon the altar of white and gold cov- 
ered with ascending and descending rows of candlesticks and 
bedecked for the occasion with green shrubbery. 

After the candlesticks had been lighted by three men clad in 
sacred vestments, the organ pealed forth as a prelude Wagner's 
immortal "Pilgrim's Chorus" from Tannliauser, then the large 
choir began a glorious anthem, ''Hail, All Hail," which brought 
the entire congregation to their feet, as the Cardinal and his 
assistants were now marching in solemn array to take ihcir 
places before the altar. Dressing the cardinal was the next 
ceremony, and this important function of changing and adding 
numerous articles of the high dignitary's attire having been 
accomplished, the jn-iestly procession proceeded to fill the altar 
with the smoke of incense. ''Gloria in Excelsis," a magnificent 
musical production, was rendered by the choir after a short 
chant by one of the priests. A clear, simple and pleasing ser- 
mon on gratitude followed, the speaker showing many in- 
stances of this gracious feeling, mentioning incidentally liow 
every patriotic American a])proaches the tomb of Wa^iiugtnn 
with reverence and bared head, the result of gratitude for his 
unselfish devotion as Father of his Country, and finally, tow- 
ering above all was the Roman Catholic celebration of Easter 
in gratitude for the resurrection of their Saviour. 



16 

''Ave Maria/'' set to the music of the Intermezzo from Caval- 
leria Riisticana, came next. Then followed the regular service, 
after which I returned to mv hotel and prepared for my trip 
to Brnnswick. 

Cordele, Ga., April 4, 1902. 




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